How to talk about science and scientist

How to talk about science and scientist

1 anthropologist 人类学家

whither mankind? The field is all mankind——how we developed in mind and body from primitive cultures and early forms.

这一领域完全和人类有关,我们是如何从原始动物和早期生物形式进化出现在的思维和身体的。

2 astronomer 天文学家

what’s above The field is the heavens and all that’s in them——planets,galaxies,stars,and other universes.

这一领域研究的是天上的事情和天上所有的东西——行星,星系,恒星和其他的宇宙。

3 geologist 地质学家

and what’s below? The field is the comparatively little and insignificant whirling ball on which we live——the earth. How did our planet come into being,what is it made of ,how were its mountains,oceans,rivers,plains,and valleys formed,and what’s down deep if you start digging?

和上面一类人相比,这类科学家的研究领域,是我们所居住的,相比之下比较小,也微不足道的旋转星球——地球。 我们的星球是如何形成的,由什么成分组成,高山,大海,河流,平原和山谷是如何形成的,如果你开始挖掘的话,地底深处有什么呢?

4 biologist 生物学家

The field is all living organisms——from the simplest one-celled amoeba to the amazingly complex and mystifying structure we call a human being.Plant or animal,flesh or vegetable,denizen of water,earth,or air——if it lives and grows,this scientist wants to know more about it.

这一领域研究的都是活在的生物——从最简单的单细胞变形虫到惊奇复杂,结构神秘的人类。植物活在动物,肉或者是蔬菜,水生生物,陆生生物和天上飞的生物——只要它们或者并且生长,这类科学家就想了解它们。

5 botanist 植物学家

flora Biology classifies life into two great divisions——plant and animal.This scientist’s province is the fromer category——flowers,trees,shrubs,mosses,marine vegetation,blossoms,fruits,seeds,grasses,and all the rest that make up the plant kingdom.

生物学把生物分为两大类——植物和动物。这类科学家的研究领域是前者,花,树,灌木,苔藓,海洋植被,花朵,水果,种子,草和其他组成植物王国的东西。

6 zoologist 动物学家

and fauna Animals of every description,kind,and condition,from birds to bees,fish to fowl,reptiles to humans,are the special area of exploration of this scientist.

各种样子的动物,各种类型的动物,这种生活环境下的动物,从鸟类到蜂类,从鱼类到禽类,从爬虫到人类,都是这类科学家的研究领域。

7 entomologist 昆虫学家

There are over 650,000 different species of insects,and millions of individuals of every species——and this scientist is interested in every one of them.

世界上有650,000种不同种类的昆虫,而且每类都有数百万不同的个体,这类科学家对它们中的每一个都很感兴趣。

8 philologist 语言学者, 文献学者

tower of Babel This linguisic scientist explores the subtle,intangible,elusive uses of that unique tool that distinguishes human beings from all other forms of life——to wit:language.This person is,in short,a student of linguistics,ancient and modern,primitive and cultured,Chinese,Hebrew,Icelandic,Slavic,Teutonic,and every other kind spoken now or in the past by human beings,not excluding that delightful hodgepodge known as “pidgin English,”in which a piano is described as”big box,you hit’um in teeth,he cry,”and in which Hamlet’s famous quandary,”To be or not to be,that is the question…, “is translated into “Can do,no can do——how fashion?”

这是一类语言学家,它们探索那些精妙的,难以理解的,难以捉摸的语言,正是语言这种工具,把我们和其他形式的生物区别开来。这类人,简而言之,是语言学的学生,古代的和现代的,原始的和有教养的,中文,希伯来语,冰岛语,斯拉夫语,日耳曼语和其他过去和现在被人类使用的语言。还包括有趣的被称之为“洋泾滨英语”的杂烩语言,在这种语言中,人们把钢琴形容为“一个大箱子,你击打它的牙齿,它就会哭泣”,它把哈姆雷特的困境“生存还是毁灭,这是一个问题”翻译为“能干,还是不能干,咋整?”

9 semanticist 语义学家

what do you really mean? This linguistic scientist explored the subtle,intangible,elusive relationship between language and thinking,between meaning and words;and is interested in determining the psychological causes and effects of what people say and write.

这类语言学家,探索的是语言和思维,意义和词汇之间精妙的,难以理解的,难以捉摸的关系,他们对确定人类的所说所写的心理性成因和心理对说话,写作的影响。

10 sociologist 社会学家

who are your friends and neighbors? This scientist is a student of the ways in which people live together,their family and community structures and customs,their housing,their social relationships,their forms of government,and their layers of caste and class.

这类科学家研究人类群居生活的生活方式,他们的家庭,社区结构和习俗,他们的住所,社会关系,政府的类型,以及他们的阶层和阶级。


引用部分均来自:Word power made easy 一书

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