How To Talk About Actions---disparage

How To Talk About Actions---disparage

1.playing it down

Ready to go back thirty or more years?Consider some post-World War II American political history:

准备好回顾一下30多年多年前,甚至更久远的事情了吗?让我们来了解一个二战战后的政治历史事件:

Harry Truman couldn’t win the 1948 election.The pollsters said so,the Republicans heartily agreed,even the Democrats,some in high places,believed it.Mr.Truman himself was perhaps the only voter in the country who was not entirely convinced.

杜鲁门赢不了1948年的大选。民意调查者是这样说的,共和党人打心眼里同意,甚至民主党的一些高层也同意。杜鲁门可能是唯一一个不对此深信不疑的选民了。

Came the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November——well,if you were one of those who stayed up most of the night listening to the returns,and then kept your ear to the radio most of the next day,you recall how you reacted to the unique Truman triumph.

十一月第一周的那个周二,如果你也是熬了整夜等待消息的人中的一员,第二天听了一天的广播,你一定记得,对于杜鲁门的胜利,你的反应是怎么样的。

It was no mean accomplishment,thought many people.Pure accident,said others.If one out of twelve voters in a few key states had changed his ballot,Harry could have gone back to selling ties,one Republican apologist pointed out.It wasn’t anything Truman did,said another;it was what Dewey didn’t do.No credit to Truman,said a third;it was the farmers——or labor——or the Republicans who hadn’t bothered to vote——or the ingenious miscounting of ballots.No credit to Truman,insisted a fourth;it was Wallace’s candidacy——it was the Democrats——it was Republican overconfidence——it was sunspots——it was the Communists——it was the civil service workers who didn’t want to lose their cushy jobs——it was really Roosevelt who won the election.

这不是什么成就,大多数人都这么认为。完全是意外,另一些人说。共和党辩护者指出,在少数关键的州,如果十二个人里面,有一个人改变了主意,杜鲁门本应该继续回去卖领带了。又有人说,重要的不是杜鲁门做了什么,而是杜威没做。还有的人说,功劳不在杜鲁门,而是没去投票的工人农民和共和党,或者是天才般的数错了选票。更有人坚持认为,不是杜鲁门的功劳,而是华莱士的竞选资格,是民主党,是共和党人的过度自信,是太阳黑子,是GCD,是不愿意丢掉轻松工作的公务员的功劳。其实是罗斯福赢得了选举。

Anyway Harry didn’t accomplish a thing——he was just a victim of good fortune. What were the apologists for Dewey’s failure doing? they were disparaging Truman’s achievement

总而言之,杜鲁门没干成什么事,他只是好运气的受害者。这些为杜威失利辩护的人在做什么?他们在诋毁杜鲁门的努力!


disparaging adj. 毁谤的;轻蔑的 v. 蔑视(disparage的ing形式)

听完故事之后,我们来学一下「毁谤」这个词吧.

disparage在词源字典里面的解释如下:

early 14c., “degrade socially,” from Old French desparagier (Modern French déparager) “reduce in rank, degrade, devalue, depreciate,” originally “to marry unequally,” and thus by extension the disgrace or dishonor involved in this, from des- “away” (see dis-) + parage “rank, lineage” (see peer (n.)). Sense of “belittle” first recorded 1530s. Related: Disparaged; disparaging; disparagingly.

可以看到,它的意思是”degrade socially”,degrade是贬低,socially是社会方面的。 也就是说,在社会上黑某人。
其中含有几个词根,des-(dis-) “away”,远离。parage “rank, lineage”(等级,血统) dis-这个很常见的否定前缀,我们就不详细说了。这里我们主要介绍一下par这个词根,

如果你打过高尔夫的话,你应该知道「标准杆」的说法,英文就是par,你完成比赛的杆数可能高于标准杆,低于标准杆或者等于标准杆。par来自拉丁语,意思是equal「平等」。 parity的意思是equality「平等」,disparity「不同,不一致,不等」,形容人的「言辞不一」就可以用这个词。

  • compare想必大家不陌生。「比较,比喻」,既然是比较就要有标准(par),既然是比喻,就要有相同,类似的地方(par),这些都是par,com-(con- together,with)表示伴随,compare就是平等,类似的东西放在一起比一比。

  • pair是「一对,一双,一副」,一双鞋里面的两只是「平等」的。

  • peer是「同等的人」,年龄,地位,能力等等方面相等或相仿。当然,在英国这个词由贵族的意思。

  • 再回到disparage这个词,根据前面讨论的结果,应该是你dis了某人的par,你降低了某人的标准,诋毁了某人。


引用部分均来自:Word power made easy 一书和在线才词源字典。

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